phrases it was frank on the phone
type prepositional phrase
grammatical function adjective prepositional
clause when you tried to call
type relative clause
grammatical function
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phrase the concord
type noun phrase
grammatical function as a subject
phrase a jet plane
type appositive phrase
grammatical function modifying the subject the concord
but i am also confused that it may be
clause a jet plane, arrived on time
phrases it was frank on the phone
type prepositional phrase
grammatical function adjective prepositional "It was Frank on the phone" is a main clause with "It" as subject, "was" as verb and "Frank" as predicative complement. "On the phone" is a preposition phrase functioning as modifier of "Frank".
clause when you tried to call
type relative clause
grammatical function It is a clause, but not a relative one. It's function an adjunct of time.
phrase the concord
type noun phrase
grammatical function as a subject Yes, that's correct, it's part of the subject "Concorde, a jet plane"
phrase a jet plane
type appositive phrase Yes
grammatical function modifying the subject the concord Yes, it modifies "Concorde". The whole subject is the noun phrase "Concorde, a jet plane".
but i am also confused that it may be
clause a jet plane, arrived on time No
type noun clause No
grammatical function "Concorde, a jet plane" is a noun phrase functioning as the subject of the clause "Concorde, a jet plane, arrived on time"
Be careful not to confuse 'category' with 'function'. Categories are noun, verb, adjective etc. Functions are subject, object, complement etc.