These ones are not gerund phrases; they are participial verb phrases:

1. When he entered the room his teachers sat waiting for him.

2. He spent nearly an hour getting dressed.

4. The farmer was sitting in the neighborhood bar getting drunk.

This one is different:

3. He asked the captain if in these seas there were any negro countries.

The underlined sequence is a subordinate interrogative clause. It means:

"He asked the captain the answer to the question, 'Were there any negro countries in these seas'"



PaulM