Re: Present participle or past participle phrase usage
Jason
Example 1: Employees are required to follow the protocols outlined in this manual.
I believe "outlined in this manual" is a past participle phrase?
PM: Yes, this is correct, but it's a clause, not a phrase.
Example 2: Employees are required to follow the protocols outlining in this manual.
I believe "outlining in this manual" is a present participle phrase?
PM: No, this is incorrect. It should be a past participle verb, not a present participle one. Your Example 1 is correct.
After reading your comment, I would rewrite the sentence:
Example 3: Employees are required to follow the protocols which outlined in this manual.
Example 4: Employees are required to follow the protocols, outlining in this manual.
Are those correct? If so, what is the difference?
PM: No, they are both wrong:
Example 3 should be: "Employees are required to follow the protocols which are outlined in this manual".
And example 4 is the same as example 2. which is wrong for the reason I gave.