When I'm wrong, I'm not too big to say it. I accept your criticism, Mr. Mirtz. I still don't know what Thomas Geoghegan stands for, but his partnership with Leon Despres marks him as a man to respect.
The mere fact that felon Foulks had voiced his support of the man had made me deeply suspicious of him. The fact that he had been educated at a school out of Chicago made me the more suspicious. The fact that he never drove a cab from what I understand made him an "outsider" as defined by felon Foulks. But all of that is meaningless because of his association with the Daley enemy of enemies, Leon Depres. He must be a good man.
So I accept your criticism and humbly apologize for my comments which were directed because of the praise given by felon Foulks whose character flaws and want of credibility make any judgment of his suspect.
I still want to hear what the "strategy" is. No one seems to know - except maybe George Lutfallah.
Can you cite local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who "use profanity, abusive language, or a disrespectful tone"?
If yes, please do so.
What about patrons who are stinking drunk? Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are stinking drunk?
What about patrons who smell as if the crapped their trousers? Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are stink as if they had crapped their trousers?
What patrons who are obviously masterbating (playing with themselves)?
What about patrons who tie off with the seatbelt and shoot up?
What about patrons who fire up a big joint?
Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are smoking, injecting, snorting contraband?
THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A CAB DRIVER'S BILL OF RIGHTS!
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Cabdrivers' Bill of Rights:
Cabdrivers have the right to refuse you if you use profanity, abusive language, or a disrespectful tone.
What else?
-Mike Foulks
Um, Wolf,
That's why we are discussing a hypothetical "Cabdrivers' Bill of Rights", so that perhaps one could be legislated to help balance the "Passenger's Bill of Rights" already posted on the rate sheet.
It is a thread about what could be, not what is.
Do you have a suggestion of a right that cabdrivers should have that should be included on the list?
I don't think we should limit ourselves to just those involving passengers, but maybe we should concentrate on those first.
-Mike Foulks
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Can you cite local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who "use profanity, abusive language, or a disrespectful tone"?
If yes, please do so.
What about patrons who are stinking drunk? Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are stinking drunk?
What about patrons who smell as if the crapped their trousers? Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are stink as if they had crapped their trousers?
What patrons who are obviously masterbating (playing with themselves)?
What about patrons who tie off with the seatbelt and shoot up?
What about patrons who fire up a big joint?
Is there local, state or federal law that establishes the right to refuse service to patrons who are smoking, injecting, snorting contraband?
THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A CAB DRIVER'S BILL OF RIGHTS!
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Cabdrivers' Bill of Rights:
Cabdrivers have the right to refuse you if you use profanity, abusive language, or a disrespectful tone.
What else?
-Mike Foulks
The Bill of Rights
The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution;
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the said Constitution, namely:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
Let me refresh your memory, which seems to be shorter than certain appendages on your body:
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 3, 08 - 6:01 PM
Message: Very observant, Mr. Shinto.
Perhaps the right idea can be found in developing a set laws the define rights, duties and remedies and limitations of drivers, owners, fleet operators and the City of Chicago.
A taxi driver Bill of Rights, as it were, defined by Municipal Code.
*******************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: Shinto
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 10:30 AM
Message: That's great thinking sir. I really like the idea of a Bill of Rights for cabdrivers. What should be in the Bill of Rights?
********************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy & a "Bill of Rights"
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 11:37 AM
Message: For Starters, something like this:
[Proposed]
Title 9, Chapter 112,
Entitled the Chicago Taxicab Driver and Owner Ordinance
9-112-600 Title, Purpose and Scope.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Taxicab Drivers and Owners Ordinance," and shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its purposes and policies.
It is the purpose of this chapter and the policy of the city, in order to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare of its citizens, to establish the rights and obligations of the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators in the operation taxicabs for hire, and to encourage the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators to maintain and improve the quality of transportation services.
This chapter applies to, regulates and determines rights, obligations and remedies under every taxicab lease agreement entered into or to be performed after the effective date of this chapter, for operation within the city of Chicago and to any destination requested by a passenger, the limitations contained in [MC references to follow] and set forth in applicable [rules and regulations references to follow].
This chapter applies specifically to taxi drivers, owners and fleet operators in the operation of taxicabs to the extent that this chapter is not in direct conflict with State and Federal laws or statutory or regulatory provisions governing the operation of vehicles for hire.
9-112-600 Definitions.
Whenever used in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings:
a. "Taxicab" means a vehicle that is used as for hire by one or more persons who are licensed chauffeurs, together with the taxi mater, GPS or radio dispatch equipment and appurtenant equipment, thereto, and all affiliation services, privileges, furnishings and facilities supplied in connection with the use of operation thereof, including garage and parking facilities.
b. "Fleet Operator" means the owner, leasing agent, or the successor in interest of any of them, of a licensed vehicle for hire.
c. "Owner" means one or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested all or part of the legal title the vehicle for hire, or all or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to present use and enjoyment of the vehicle for hire.
d. Affiliation” means an association of public passenger vehicle license holders organized and incorporated for the purpose of providing its members with a Chicago business address, telephone number registered to the affiliation, color scheme where applicable, a trade name or emblem where applicable, a two-way radio dispatch system, insurance and the designation of an authorized registered agent. Members of an affiliation shall be known as “affiliates”.
The ultimate goal of such an ordinance is to establish an equitable system of management and administration that is "driven" [pardon the pun!} from the bottom up, as opposed to the current "top down" rule by declaration of the city.
============================================
As awlays, you are very welcome, sir, or madam.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
The Bill of Rights
The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution;
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the said Constitution, namely:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
looks like CPTDA is on it already
!
? how's it going on the new city law
? will drivers get to review it and add their ideas
? is Mike in the CPTDA now to help with this new law
? will george help too
? when will it be ready to submit to the city council and the mayor
most cordially,
L2R
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Let me refresh your memory, which seems to be shorter than certain appendages on your body:
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 3, 08 - 6:01 PM
Message: Very observant, Mr. Shinto.
Perhaps the right idea can be found in developing a set laws the define rights, duties and remedies and limitations of drivers, owners, fleet operators and the City of Chicago.
A taxi driver Bill of Rights, as it were, defined by Municipal Code.
*******************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: Shinto
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 10:30 AM
Message: That's great thinking sir. I really like the idea of a Bill of Rights for cabdrivers. What should be in the Bill of Rights?
********************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy & a "Bill of Rights"
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 11:37 AM
Message: For Starters, something like this:
[Proposed]
Title 9, Chapter 112,
Entitled the Chicago Taxicab Driver and Owner Ordinance
9-112-600 Title, Purpose and Scope.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Taxicab Drivers and Owners Ordinance," and shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its purposes and policies.
It is the purpose of this chapter and the policy of the city, in order to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare of its citizens, to establish the rights and obligations of the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators in the operation taxicabs for hire, and to encourage the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators to maintain and improve the quality of transportation services.
This chapter applies to, regulates and determines rights, obligations and remedies under every taxicab lease agreement entered into or to be performed after the effective date of this chapter, for operation within the city of Chicago and to any destination requested by a passenger, the limitations contained in [MC references to follow] and set forth in applicable [rules and regulations references to follow].
This chapter applies specifically to taxi drivers, owners and fleet operators in the operation of taxicabs to the extent that this chapter is not in direct conflict with State and Federal laws or statutory or regulatory provisions governing the operation of vehicles for hire.
9-112-600 Definitions.
Whenever used in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings:
a. "Taxicab" means a vehicle that is used as for hire by one or more persons who are licensed chauffeurs, together with the taxi mater, GPS or radio dispatch equipment and appurtenant equipment, thereto, and all affiliation services, privileges, furnishings and facilities supplied in connection with the use of operation thereof, including garage and parking facilities.
b. "Fleet Operator" means the owner, leasing agent, or the successor in interest of any of them, of a licensed vehicle for hire.
c. "Owner" means one or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested all or part of the legal title the vehicle for hire, or all or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to present use and enjoyment of the vehicle for hire.
d. Affiliation” means an association of public passenger vehicle license holders organized and incorporated for the purpose of providing its members with a Chicago business address, telephone number registered to the affiliation, color scheme where applicable, a trade name or emblem where applicable, a two-way radio dispatch system, insurance and the designation of an authorized registered agent. Members of an affiliation shall be known as “affiliates”.
The ultimate goal of such an ordinance is to establish an equitable system of management and administration that is "driven" [pardon the pun!} from the bottom up, as opposed to the current "top down" rule by declaration of the city.
============================================
As awlays, you are very welcome, sir, or madam.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
The Bill of Rights
The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution;
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the said Constitution, namely:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
Isn't 49285 somebody we know who was banned?
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
looks like CPTDA is on it already
!
? how's it going on the new city law
? will drivers get to review it and add their ideas
? is Mike in the CPTDA now to help with this new law
? will george help too
? when will it be ready to submit to the city council and the mayor
most cordially,
L2R
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Let me refresh your memory, which seems to be shorter than certain appendages on your body:
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 3, 08 - 6:01 PM
Message: Very observant, Mr. Shinto.
Perhaps the right idea can be found in developing a set laws the define rights, duties and remedies and limitations of drivers, owners, fleet operators and the City of Chicago.
A taxi driver Bill of Rights, as it were, defined by Municipal Code.
*******************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy
Name: Shinto
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 10:30 AM
Message: That's great thinking sir. I really like the idea of a Bill of Rights for cabdrivers. What should be in the Bill of Rights?
********************************************
Subject: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Double Conspiracy & a "Bill of Rights"
Name: 49285
Date Posted: May 4, 08 - 11:37 AM
Message: For Starters, something like this:
[Proposed]
Title 9, Chapter 112,
Entitled the Chicago Taxicab Driver and Owner Ordinance
9-112-600 Title, Purpose and Scope.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Taxicab Drivers and Owners Ordinance," and shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its purposes and policies.
It is the purpose of this chapter and the policy of the city, in order to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare of its citizens, to establish the rights and obligations of the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators in the operation taxicabs for hire, and to encourage the taxi drivers, medallion holders and fleet operators to maintain and improve the quality of transportation services.
This chapter applies to, regulates and determines rights, obligations and remedies under every taxicab lease agreement entered into or to be performed after the effective date of this chapter, for operation within the city of Chicago and to any destination requested by a passenger, the limitations contained in [MC references to follow] and set forth in applicable [rules and regulations references to follow].
This chapter applies specifically to taxi drivers, owners and fleet operators in the operation of taxicabs to the extent that this chapter is not in direct conflict with State and Federal laws or statutory or regulatory provisions governing the operation of vehicles for hire.
9-112-600 Definitions.
Whenever used in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings:
a. "Taxicab" means a vehicle that is used as for hire by one or more persons who are licensed chauffeurs, together with the taxi mater, GPS or radio dispatch equipment and appurtenant equipment, thereto, and all affiliation services, privileges, furnishings and facilities supplied in connection with the use of operation thereof, including garage and parking facilities.
b. "Fleet Operator" means the owner, leasing agent, or the successor in interest of any of them, of a licensed vehicle for hire.
c. "Owner" means one or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested all or part of the legal title the vehicle for hire, or all or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to present use and enjoyment of the vehicle for hire.
d. Affiliation” means an association of public passenger vehicle license holders organized and incorporated for the purpose of providing its members with a Chicago business address, telephone number registered to the affiliation, color scheme where applicable, a trade name or emblem where applicable, a two-way radio dispatch system, insurance and the designation of an authorized registered agent. Members of an affiliation shall be known as “affiliates”.
The ultimate goal of such an ordinance is to establish an equitable system of management and administration that is "driven" [pardon the pun!} from the bottom up, as opposed to the current "top down" rule by declaration of the city.
============================================
As awlays, you are very welcome, sir, or madam.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
The Bill of Rights
The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution;
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the said Constitution, namely:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
